Anti-war and civil rights movements. Emma Goldman June 27, β May 14, was a Lithuanian-born anarchist revolutionary , political activist, and writer.
She played a pivotal role in the development of anarchist political philosophy in North America and Europe in the first half of the 20th century. Frick survived the attempt on his life in , and Berkman was sentenced to 22 years in prison.
Goldman was imprisoned several times in the years that followed, for "inciting to riot" and illegally distributing information about birth control. In , Goldman founded the anarchist journal Mother Earth. In , Goldman and Berkman were sentenced to two years in jail for conspiring to "induce persons not to register" for the newly instated draft.
After their release from prison, they were arrestedβalong with othersβin the so-called Palmer Raids during the First Red Scare and deported to Russia in December Initially supportive of that country's October Revolution that brought the Bolsheviks to power, Goldman changed her opinion in the wake of the Kronstadt rebellion ; she denounced the Soviet Union for its violent repression of independent voices.
She left the Soviet Union and in published a book about her experiences, My Disillusionment in Russia. It was published in two volumes, in and After the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War , Goldman traveled to Spain to support the anarchist revolution there. She died in Toronto , Canada, in , aged During her life, Goldman was lionized as a freethinking "rebel woman" by admirers, and denounced by detractors as an advocate of politically motivated murder and violent revolution.
