The Jin emerged from Taizu's rebellion against the Liao dynasty β , which held sway over northern China until the nascent Jin drove the Liao to the Western Regions , where they became known as the Western Liao. After vanquishing the Liao, the Jin launched a century-long campaign against the Han -led Song dynasty β , which was based in southern China. Over the course of their rule, the Jurchens of Jin quickly adapted to Chinese customs , and even fortified the Great Wall against the rising Mongols.
Domestically, the Jin oversaw a number of cultural advancements, such as the revival of Confucianism. After spending centuries as vassals of the Jin, the Mongols invaded under Genghis Khan in and inflicted catastrophic defeats on the Jin armies. After numerous defeats, revolts, defections, and coups, they succumbed to Mongol conquest 23 years later in The Jin dynasty was officially known as the "Great Jin" at that time.
By the 11th century, the Jurchens had become vassals of the Khitan rulers of the Liao dynasty. The Jurchens in the Yalu River region had been tributaries of Goryeo since the reign of Wang Geon , who called upon them during the wars of the Later Three Kingdoms period, but the Jurchens switched allegiance between Liao and Goryeo multiple times out of expedience. They offered tribute to both courts out of political necessity and the attraction of material benefits.
One of the causes of the Jurchen rebellion and the fall of the Liao was the custom of raping married Jurchen women and Jurchen girls by Khitan envoys, which caused resentment from the Jurchens. The practice of guest prostitution β giving female companions, food and shelter to guests β was common among Jurchens.
Unmarried daughters of Jurchen families of lower and middle classes in Jurchen villages were provided to Khitan messengers for sex, as recorded by Hong Hao.
